题库练习
二建法规题库:章节练习(基本法律/施工许可/合同与安全),逐题解析含错误选项原因。
题库按《建设工程法规及相关知识》模块组织:章节练习即时判分看解析,模拟考试限时自测,错题自动进错题本。
现状:法规科目前 3 章打样题;《施工管理》与《实务》题库将随精讲书陆续上线。
{"bank":[{"analysis":"质押以转移占有为特征(动产质押/权利质押);抵押不转移占有;留置是债权人已合法占有财产后依法产生;保证属人的担保。","answer":"B","chapter":"二建法规·基本法律","difficulty":2,"explain":{"A":"抵押不转移对担保物的占有。","C":"留置权是法定担保物权,不以约定移交为要件。","D":"保证是以第三人信用提供的担保。"},"id":"ej-01-001","options":["抵押","质押","留置","保证"],"source":"chapter","stem":"施工企业将自有设备移交债权人占有,作为债务履行的担保。该担保方式属于?","subject":"建设工程法规及相关知识","type":"single"},{"analysis":"债的发生根据主要包括合同、侵权、无因管理与不当得利;行政处分属行政责任范畴,不产生债。","answer":"D","chapter":"二建法规·基本法律","difficulty":2,"explain":{"A":"合同是债最主要的产生依据。","B":"侵权行为产生侵权之债。","C":"无因管理产生无因管理之债。"},"id":"ej-01-002","options":["合同","侵权行为","无因管理","行政处分"],"source":"chapter","stem":"下列各项中,不属于债的发生根据的是?","subject":"建设工程法规及相关知识","type":"single"},{"analysis":"表见代理中,相对人有理由相信行为人有代理权时,代理行为有效,被代理人应承担相应责任(示例口径)。","answer":"B","chapter":"二建法规·基本法律","difficulty":2,"explain":{"A":"并非一律无效,表见代理即为有效情形。","C":"表见代理直接有效,不属于效力待定。","D":"后果由被代理人承担,而非相对人。"},"id":"ej-01-003","options":["一律无效","有效(表见代理),对被代理人发生效力","效力待定需被代理人追认","由相对人自行承担后果"],"source":"chapter","stem":"行为人没有代理权仍以他人名义实施民事法律行为,相对人有理由相信其有代理权的,该代理行为?","subject":"建设工程法规及相关知识","type":"single"},{"analysis":"普通诉讼时效为 3 年(自知道或应当知道权利受到损害及义务人之日起),最长保护期限为 20 年(示例口径)。","answer":"C","chapter":"二建法规·基本法律","difficulty":2,"explain":{"A":"1 年不是现行普通时效期间。","B":"2 年为旧法口径。","D":"4 年无此规定。"},"id":"ej-01-004","options":["1 年","2 年","3 年","4 年"],"source":"chapter","stem":"根据我国现行法律规定,向人民法院请求保护民事权利的普通诉讼时效期间一般为?","subject":"建设工程法规及相关知识","type":"single"},{"analysis":"应自领取施工许可证之日起 **3 个月内**开工;不能按期开工的可申请延期,延期以两次为限、每次不超过 3 个月(示例口径)。","answer":"C","chapter":"二建法规·施工许可","difficulty":2,"explain":{"A":"1 个月与法定开工期限不符。","B":"2 个月与法定开工期限不符。","D":"6 个月超出法定开工期限。"},"id":"ej-02-001","options":["1 个月内","2 个月内","3 个月内","6 个月内"],"source":"chapter","stem":"建设单位领取施工许可证后,最迟应在多长时间内开工?","subject":"建设工程法规及相关知识","type":"single"},{"analysis":"合法分包要求:经建设单位认可(合同另有约定除外)、分包单位具备相应资质、分包工程不得再次分包;**主体结构施工不得分包**;总承包与分包单位对建设单位承担连带责任。","answer":"C","chapter":"二建法规·施工许可","difficulty":2,"explain":{"A":"分包工程禁止再次分包。","B":"主体结构施工无论是否经认可都不得分包。","D":"总承包单位对分包工程承担连带责任。"},"id":"ej-02-002","options":["分包单位可以将分包工程再次分包","经建设单位认可后可将主体结构施工分包","分包单位应具备相应资质,且分包工程不得再次分包","总承包单位对分包工程不承担任何责任"],"source":"chapter","stem":"关于建设工程分包,下列说法正确的是?","subject":"建设工程法规及相关知识","type":"single"},{"analysis":"转包指承包单位将其承包的**全部**工程转给他人,或肢解后以分包名义分别转给他人;合法分包与劳务分包不属于转包。","answer":"B","chapter":"二建法规·施工许可","difficulty":2,"explain":{"A":"经认可且有资质的合法分包不属于转包。","C":"劳务分包是合法的分包形式之一。","D":"自行完成主体结构属正常履约。"},"id":"ej-02-003","options":["经建设单位认可将部分非主体工程分包给有资质单位","将承包的全部工程转给他人施工","将劳务作业分包给具备资质的劳务企业","自行完成主体结构施工"],"source":"chapter","stem":"下列行为中,属于转包的是?","subject":"建设工程法规及相关知识","type":"single"},{"analysis":"建造师须取得执业资格证书并**注册**后方可执业,且不得同时受聘于两个及以上单位;聘用单位变更应办理变更注册(示例口径)。","answer":"B","chapter":"二建法规·施工许可","difficulty":2,"explain":{"A":"未注册不得以建造师名义执业。","C":"同时受聘两家单位违反注册管理规定。","D":"变更单位应办理变更注册手续。"},"id":"ej-02-004","options":["取得资格证书即可执业,无需注册","取得执业资格证书并注册后方可执业,且不得同时受聘于两个及以上单位","可以同时在两家施工单位注册执业","注册证书可长期有效无需变更"],"source":"chapter","stem":"关于建造师执业,下列说法正确的是?","subject":"建设工程法规及相关知识","type":"single"},{"analysis":"承包人应先催告,发包人逾期不付的可协议折价或申请法院拍卖并优先受偿;行使期限一般为**六个月**(自发包人应当给付工程价款之日起,示例口径)。","answer":"B","chapter":"二建法规·合同与安全","difficulty":3,"explain":{"A":"3 个月与法定行使期限不符。","C":"1 年超出该期限。","D":"2 年超出该期限。"},"id":"ej-03-001","options":["3 个月","6 个月","1 年","2 年"],"source":"chapter","stem":"某工程发包人未按约定支付工程价款,承包人欲行使工程价款优先受偿权。其行使期限一般为?","subject":"建设工程法规及相关知识","type":"single"},{"analysis":"按死亡人数 10–29 人为重大事故(重伤 50–99 人亦属重大);30 人以上死亡或 100 人以上重伤为特别重大事故(示例口径)。","answer":"C","chapter":"二建法规·合同与安全","difficulty":2,"explain":{"A":"一般事故为死亡 3 人以下。","B":"较大事故为死亡 3–9 人。","D":"特别重大事故为死亡 30 人以上。"},"id":"ej-03-002","options":["一般事故","较大事故","重大事故","特别重大事故"],"source":"chapter","stem":"某建筑施工事故造成 12 人死亡、30 人重伤。该事故等级应定为?","subject":"建设工程法规及相关知识","type":"single"},{"analysis":"现场人员应立即报告本单位负责人,单位负责人接到报告后应于 **1 小时内**报告县级以上主管部门(示例口径)。","answer":"A","chapter":"二建法规·合同与安全","difficulty":2,"explain":{"B":"2 小时超出法定报告时限。","C":"12 小时超出法定报告时限。","D":"24 小时超出法定报告时限。"},"id":"ej-03-003","options":["1 小时内","2 小时内","12 小时内","24 小时内"],"source":"chapter","stem":"施工单位发生生产安全事故后,单位负责人接到报告后应在多长时间内向县级以上主管部门报告?","subject":"建设工程法规及相关知识","type":"single"},{"analysis":"新入场工人应接受**公司、项目部、班组三级安全教育**,考核合格后方可上岗(示例口径);特种作业人员还须持证上岗。","answer":"C","chapter":"二建法规·合同与安全","difficulty":2,"explain":{"A":"仅项目部一级教育不符合三级要求。","B":"缺少公司级教育。","D":"未经安全教育不得上岗。"},"id":"ej-03-004","options":["一级安全教育(项目部)","二级安全教育(项目、班组)","三级安全教育(公司、项目、班组)","无需专门教育"],"source":"chapter","stem":"关于新入场作业人员的安全教育,通常要求进行?","subject":"建设工程法规及相关知识","type":"single"},{"analysis":"矩阵结构纵向保留职能专业管理、横向按项目组织,兼顾专业支持与统一指挥;线性结构指令单一但专业支撑弱,纯职能结构易多头指挥。","answer":"C","chapter":"二建管理·组织与控制","difficulty":2,"explain":{"A":"线性结构指令统一,但职能部门专业作用难以发挥。","B":"职能结构可能多个部门同时下达指令,造成多头指挥。","D":"事业部结构多用于大型企业分权管理,不是项目组织的常用形式。"},"id":"ejgl-01-001","options":["线性组织结构","职能组织结构","矩阵组织结构","事业部结构"],"source":"chapter","stem":"某大型建设项目需兼顾职能部门专业管理与项目统一指挥。最适宜的组织结构是?","subject":"建设工程施工管理","type":"single"},{"analysis":"动态控制四步:目标分解 → 收集实际值 → 比较 → 纠偏;没有分解就无法对比与控制。","answer":"B","chapter":"二建管理·组织与控制","difficulty":1,"explain":{"A":"收集实际数据是第二步,需先有分解后的目标。","C":"比较在收集数据之后进行。","D":"纠偏是发现偏差后的动作。"},"id":"ejgl-01-002","options":["收集实际数据","目标分解","比较偏差","采取纠偏措施"],"source":"chapter","stem":"项目目标动态控制的首要环节是?","subject":"建设工程施工管理","type":"single"},{"analysis":"职能组织结构中多个职能部门都可下达指令,主要缺点是容易出现多头指挥、责任不易明确。","answer":"B","chapter":"二建管理·组织与控制","difficulty":2,"explain":{"A":"线性结构的主要问题才是命令传递环节多、速度受影响。","C":"职能结构恰恰强化了专业管理。","D":"与资源共享关系不大。"},"id":"ejgl-01-003","options":["指令传递速度慢","容易出现多头指挥","不利于专业管理","资源无法共享"],"source":"chapter","stem":"关于职能组织结构的主要缺点,下列说法正确的是?","subject":"建设工程施工管理","type":"single"},{"analysis":"施工组织设计内容包括工程概况、施工部署与方案、进度计划、资源配置计划、施工现场平面布置、技术经济指标等。","answer":"B","chapter":"二建管理·组织与控制","difficulty":2,"explain":{"A":"工程结算书属造价与合同管理文件。","C":"项目后评价在项目结束后开展。","D":"企业年度经营计划属企业层面计划。"},"id":"ejgl-01-004","options":["工程结算书","施工现场平面布置","项目后评价报告","企业年度经营计划"],"source":"chapter","stem":"下列内容中,属于施工组织设计编制内容的是?","subject":"建设工程施工管理","type":"single"},{"analysis":"CV=BCWP−ACWP=200−220=−20 万元(超支);SV=BCWP−BCWS=200−180=+20 万元(进度提前)。","answer":"A","chapter":"二建管理·成本与进度","difficulty":3,"explain":{"B":"两个公式的被减数记反了。","C":"SV 应为正值,因已完成值大于计划值。","D":"CV 应为负值,因实际费用高于已完工作预算费用。"},"id":"ejgl-02-001","options":["CV=−20 万元、SV=+20 万元","CV=+20 万元、SV=−20 万元","CV=−20 万元、SV=−20 万元","CV=+20 万元、SV=+20 万元"],"source":"chapter","stem":"某工程 BCWP=200 万元、ACWP=220 万元、BCWS=180 万元。其费用偏差 CV 与进度偏差 SV 分别是?","subject":"建设工程施工管理","type":"single"},{"analysis":"关键线路是总持续时间最长的线路,其长度决定计算工期;关键工作总时差最小(通常为 0)。","answer":"B","chapter":"二建管理·成本与进度","difficulty":2,"explain":{"A":"关键线路与工作数量无关。","C":"关键工作的总时差最小而非最大。","D":"自由时差为 0 不一定意味着在关键线路上。"},"id":"ejgl-02-002","options":["工作数量最多的线路","总持续时间最长的线路","总时差最大的线路","自由时差为 0 的线路"],"source":"chapter","stem":"网络计划中,关键线路的判定依据是?","subject":"建设工程施工管理","type":"single"},{"analysis":"非关键工作在其总时差范围内的拖后不影响总工期;超过总时差才会影响总工期。","answer":"B","chapter":"二建管理·成本与进度","difficulty":2,"explain":{"A":"3 天未超过 5 天的总时差,不影响总工期。","C":"总时差是允许的机动时间,不会转化为工期延长。","D":"拖后不会使总工期缩短。"},"id":"ejgl-02-003","options":["总工期延长 3 天","不影响总工期","总工期延长 5 天","总工期缩短 2 天"],"source":"chapter","stem":"某非关键工作拖后 3 天,但其总时差为 5 天。该拖后对项目总工期的影响是?","subject":"建设工程施工管理","type":"single"},{"analysis":"进度控制措施四类:组织措施(人员分工与流程)、管理措施(合同/风险/信息技术)、经济措施(资金与激励)、技术措施(设计、施工技术与方案比选)。","answer":"B","chapter":"二建管理·成本与进度","difficulty":2,"explain":{"A":"人员分工属组织措施。","C":"资金与激励属经济措施。","D":"合同与风险管理属管理措施。"},"id":"ejgl-02-004","options":["明确进度控制人员的分工","采用先进的施工技术与方案比选","落实进度奖励资金","加强合同与风险管理"],"source":"chapter","stem":"下列措施中,属于进度控制「技术措施」的是?","subject":"建设工程施工管理","type":"single"},{"analysis":"施工质量验收按「检验批 → 分项工程 → 分部工程 → 单位工程」逐级进行,前一级合格是后一级验收的前提。","answer":"B","chapter":"二建管理·质量安全环境","difficulty":2,"explain":{"A":"顺序完全颠倒(应从小到大)。","C":"分项工程在检验批之后,顺序错误。","D":"分部工程应在分项工程之后验收。"},"id":"ejgl-03-001","options":["单位工程 → 分部工程 → 分项工程 → 检验批","检验批 → 分项工程 → 分部工程 → 单位工程","分项工程 → 检验批 → 分部工程 → 单位工程","检验批 → 分部工程 → 分项工程 → 单位工程"],"source":"chapter","stem":"施工质量验收的正确层次顺序是?","subject":"建设工程施工管理","type":"single"},{"analysis":"危大工程应编制专项施工方案;对**超过一定规模**的危大工程,专项施工方案还应按规定组织专家论证(示例口径,以现行规定为准)。","answer":"B","chapter":"二建管理·质量安全环境","difficulty":2,"explain":{"A":"并非所有危大工程都需专家论证。","C":"需论证的范围不限于深基坑,还包括模板支撑、起重吊装等超规模工程。","D":"是否论证由法规规定,不由监理随意决定。"},"id":"ejgl-03-002","options":["所有危大工程都必须论证","超过一定规模的危大工程","仅深基坑工程需要论证","由监理单位决定是否需要"],"source":"chapter","stem":"危险性较大的分部分项工程,其专项施工方案在何种情况下还需组织专家论证?","subject":"建设工程施工管理","type":"single"},{"analysis":"四不放过:事故原因未查清不放过、责任人员未处理不放过、整改措施未落实不放过、有关人员未受到教育不放过。","answer":"D","chapter":"二建管理·质量安全环境","difficulty":2,"explain":{"A":"属四不放过内容。","B":"属四不放过内容。","C":"属四不放过内容。"},"id":"ejgl-03-003","options":["事故原因未查清不放过","责任人员未处理不放过","整改措施未落实不放过","经济损失未追回不放过"],"source":"chapter","stem":"生产安全事故处理的「四不放过」原则不包括下列哪一项?","subject":"建设工程施工管理","type":"single"},{"analysis":"绿色施工的核心要求是「四节一环保」:节能、节地、节水、节材与环境保护。","answer":"A","chapter":"二建管理·质量安全环境","difficulty":1,"explain":{"B":"三控两管一协调是工程监理的职责概括。","C":"三级安全教育属安全管理要求。","D":"四不放过是事故处理原则。"},"id":"ejgl-03-004","options":["四节一环保(节能、节地、节水、节材 + 环境保护)","三控两管一协调","三级安全教育","四不放过"],"source":"chapter","stem":"绿色施工要求可概括为?","subject":"建设工程施工管理","type":"single"},{"analysis":"楼面活荷载、风荷载、雪荷载等随时间变化,属可变荷载;结构自重与固定设备自重属永久荷载。","answer":"C","chapter":"二建实务·技术要求","difficulty":2,"explain":{"A":"结构自重属永久荷载(恒载)。","B":"固定设备自重属永久荷载。","D":"结构构件自重属永久荷载。"},"id":"ejsw-01-001","options":["结构自重","固定设备自重","楼面活荷载","结构构件自重"],"source":"chapter","stem":"下列荷载中,属于可变荷载的是?","subject":"专业工程管理与实务","type":"single"},{"analysis":"大体积混凝土应选用水化热较低的水泥、控制水泥用量与入模温度,并采取保温降温与加强养护措施,控制内外温差以防温度裂缝(示例口径)。","answer":"B","chapter":"二建实务·技术要求","difficulty":2,"explain":{"A":"水化热高会加剧内部温升,不利。","C":"养护不足会显著降低强度并增加裂缝风险。","D":"提高入模温度会使内外温差与温升更不利。"},"id":"ejsw-01-002","options":["选用水化热高的水泥并加快浇筑","选用水化热较低的水泥并控制内外温差","取消养护以缩短工期","提高入模温度"],"source":"chapter","stem":"大体积混凝土施工中,为减少温度裂缝,最宜采取的措施是?","subject":"专业工程管理与实务","type":"single"},{"analysis":"砌体结构抗压性能好、抗拉抗剪性能差,需通过构造柱、圈梁与拉结筋等措施增强整体性与抗震能力。","answer":"B","chapter":"二建实务·技术要求","difficulty":2,"explain":{"A":"砌体抗拉抗剪性能差,恰好相反。","C":"砌体结构广泛用于承重墙。","D":"砂浆强度直接影响砌体强度与饱满度要求。"},"id":"ejsw-01-003","options":["砌体结构抗拉、抗剪性能好","砌体结构需设置构造柱与圈梁以增强整体性","砌体结构不适合用于承重墙","砌体结构无需考虑砂浆强度"],"source":"chapter","stem":"关于砌体结构,下列说法正确的是?","subject":"专业工程管理与实务","type":"single"},{"analysis":"住宅 1–3 层低层、4–6 层多层、7–9 层中高层、10 层及以上为高层(示例口径)。","answer":"D","chapter":"二建实务·技术要求","difficulty":1,"explain":{"A":"1–3 层为低层。","B":"4–6 层为多层。","C":"7–9 层为中高层。"},"id":"ejsw-01-004","options":["低层","多层","中高层","高层"],"source":"chapter","stem":"按常用分类口径,住宅建筑 10 层及以上属于?","subject":"专业工程管理与实务","type":"single"},{"analysis":"验槽是地基基础施工的关键质量控制环节,参建各方共同确认地基符合设计要求后,方可进行垫层与基础施工。","answer":"B","chapter":"二建实务·施工技术","difficulty":2,"explain":{"A":"未经验槽直接浇筑垫层属程序违规。","C":"回填应在基础施工完成并验收后进行。","D":"防水层施工需在基础完成并验收后按工序进行。"},"id":"ejsw-02-001","options":["立即浇筑垫层","由建设、监理、设计、勘察、施工等单位共同验槽","直接回填","先做防水层"],"source":"chapter","stem":"基槽(坑)开挖至设计标高后,进行下一道工序前必须完成的工作是?","subject":"专业工程管理与实务","type":"single"},{"analysis":"室内楼地面防水多用闭水(蓄水 24 小时观察渗漏)检验;屋面常用蓄水或淋水试验;地下防水侧重抗渗与细部构造检查。","answer":"B","chapter":"二建实务·施工技术","difficulty":2,"explain":{"A":"淋水试验多用于屋面或有坡度部位。","C":"抗拔试验用于桩基或锚固承载力检验。","D":"拉拔试验用于饰面砖粘结强度等检验。"},"id":"ejsw-02-002","options":["淋水试验","闭水(蓄水)试验","抗拔试验","拉拔试验"],"source":"chapter","stem":"室内楼地面防水层施工完成后,常用的检验方式是?","subject":"专业工程管理与实务","type":"single"},{"analysis":"施工缝的留置位置、处理方式(清理、凿毛、湿润、接浆等)与继续浇筑时间均有规范要求,处理不当会成为渗漏与薄弱面。","answer":"B","chapter":"二建实务·施工技术","difficulty":2,"explain":{"A":"随意留置会形成结构薄弱部位。","C":"未处理的施工缝会影响新老混凝土结合。","D":"施工缝处理不当会影响结构整体性与防水性能。"},"id":"ejsw-02-003","options":["施工缝位置可随意留置","施工缝应按规范要求的位置留置,并按规定处理后再继续浇筑","施工缝无需处理即可继续浇筑","施工缝只影响外观不影响结构"],"source":"chapter","stem":"关于混凝土施工缝,下列说法正确的是?","subject":"专业工程管理与实务","type":"single"},{"analysis":"构造柱、圈梁与拉结筋是砌体结构提高整体性和抗震能力的重要构造措施;砂浆饱满度同样关键。","answer":"B","chapter":"二建实务·施工技术","difficulty":2,"explain":{"A":"装饰线条不承担结构作用。","C":"砂浆用量不足会降低砌体强度与饱满度。","D":"干砌法不符合砌体施工要求。"},"id":"ejsw-02-004","options":["仅在墙顶加装饰线条","设置构造柱、圈梁并保证拉结筋","减少砂浆用量","采用干砌法"],"source":"chapter","stem":"砌体工程中,用于提高墙体整体性与抗震能力的构造措施主要是?","subject":"专业工程管理与实务","type":"single"},{"analysis":"发包人原因造成关键线路上工作延误,承包人有权提出工期索赔;费用索赔按合同约定并需提供证据。","answer":"B","chapter":"二建实务·施工管理","difficulty":3,"explain":{"A":"提供施工图纸属发包人义务。","C":"影响关键线路时可索赔工期。","D":"索赔应按合同与证据处理,不由监理随意确定。"},"id":"ejsw-03-001","options":["不予受理,图纸应由承包人负责","属发包人责任且影响关键线路,应批准工期索赔","只能索赔费用不能索赔工期","由监理单位自行确定补偿金额"],"source":"chapter","stem":"因发包人未按时提供施工图纸,导致关键线路上的工作延误 10 天。承包人提出工期索赔,应如何处理?","subject":"专业工程管理与实务","type":"single"},{"analysis":"工期索赔要求「责任非承包人」且「影响关键线路(或超过总时差)」;承包人自身原因造成的延误不能索赔工期。","answer":"C","chapter":"二建实务·施工管理","difficulty":2,"explain":{"A":"发包人责任且影响关键线路,可索赔。","B":"不可抗力通常可顺延工期。","D":"发包人变更致关键工作延误可索赔工期。"},"id":"ejsw-03-002","options":["发包人延迟提供场地且延误发生在关键线路上","不可抗力导致停工","承包人自身管理不善导致的关键工作延误","发包人设计变更导致关键工作延误"],"source":"chapter","stem":"下列情形中,承包人**不能**获得工期索赔的是?","subject":"专业工程管理与实务","type":"single"},{"analysis":"屋面防水效果检验常用蓄水或淋水试验;室内楼地面防水用闭水(蓄水 24 小时)试验;回弹试验用于混凝土强度检测。","answer":"B","chapter":"二建实务·施工管理","difficulty":2,"explain":{"A":"闭水试验多用于室内楼地面、卫生间等部位。","C":"抗拔试验用于桩基或锚固检验。","D":"回弹试验检测混凝土强度。"},"id":"ejsw-03-003","options":["闭水试验","蓄水或淋水试验","抗拔试验","回弹试验"],"source":"chapter","stem":"屋面工程完工后,检验防水效果通常采用?","subject":"专业工程管理与实务","type":"single"},{"analysis":"发现重大隐患应立即停止相关作业,按「定人、定时、定措施」整改并经验收合格后方可恢复施工。","answer":"B","chapter":"二建实务·施工管理","difficulty":2,"explain":{"A":"带隐患施工极易引发事故。","C":"仅口头提醒不构成隐患整改闭环。","D":"被动等待会增加事故风险,且属管理失职。"},"id":"ejsw-03-004","options":["记录后继续施工","立即停止作业并定人、定时、定措施整改,验收合格后方可复工","仅口头提醒作业班组","等监理发现后再处理"],"source":"chapter","stem":"现场安全检查发现重大安全隐患时,正确的处理方式是?","subject":"专业工程管理与实务","type":"single"},{"analysis":"屋面防水、有防水要求房间及外墙面防渗漏的最低保修期为 5 年;地基基础与主体结构为设计文件规定的合理使用年限;供热供冷 2 个采暖/供冷期;电气管线等 2 年。","answer":"C","chapter":"二建实务·案例套路","difficulty":2,"explain":{"A":"2 年适用于电气管线、给排水管道、设备安装与装修工程。","B":"3 年不是法定最低保修期限。","D":"合理使用年限适用于地基基础与主体结构。"},"id":"ejsw-04-001","options":["2 年","3 年","5 年","设计文件规定的合理使用年限"],"source":"chapter","stem":"按现行规定(示例口径),屋面防水工程的最低保修期限是?","subject":"专业工程管理与实务","type":"single"},{"analysis":"保修期自**竣工验收合格之日**起计算,这是必备的答题依据。","answer":"C","chapter":"二建实务·案例套路","difficulty":2,"explain":{"A":"开工之日不是保修期起算点。","B":"封顶不构成验收合格。","D":"交付使用日与法定起算点不同。"},"id":"ejsw-04-002","options":["工程开工之日","主体结构封顶之日","竣工验收合格之日","施工单位交付钥匙之日"],"source":"chapter","stem":"工程保修期起算时间是?","subject":"专业工程管理与实务","type":"single"},{"analysis":"案例找错题按条给分:现象 + 违反的规范/合同依据 + 正确做法(措施)三要素齐全才能拿分。","answer":"B","chapter":"二建实务·案例套路","difficulty":3,"explain":{"A":"只给笼统结论没有依据,几乎不得分。","C":"只写措施缺少对原做法的判断与依据。","D":"复述背景不构成作答。"},"id":"ejsw-04-003","options":["只写施工不规范","逐条摘录具体做法、指出违反的规范要求并给出正确做法","只写整改措施","复述背景资料"],"source":"chapter","stem":"实务案例题要求「指出施工中的不妥之处」,最易得分的作答方式是?","subject":"专业工程管理与实务","type":"single"},{"analysis":"合法分包要求:经建设单位认可(合同另有约定除外)、分包单位具备资质、不得再次分包;主体结构施工不得分包;总承包与分包单位对建设单位承担连带责任。","answer":"C","chapter":"二建实务·案例套路","difficulty":2,"explain":{"A":"分包工程禁止再次分包。","B":"主体结构施工属绝对禁止分包的范围。","D":"总承包单位对分包工程承担连带责任。"},"id":"ejsw-04-004","options":["分包单位可将分包工程再次分包","经建设单位认可后可将主体结构施工分包","分包单位应具备相应资质,且分包工程不得再次分包","总承包单位对分包工程不承担责任"],"source":"chapter","stem":"关于分包的说法,正确的是?","subject":"专业工程管理与实务","type":"single"},{"analysis":"结构功能要求为安全性、适用性与耐久性;经济性是设计选型的考量因素,不属于「三性」。","answer":"D","chapter":"二建实务·技术要求","difficulty":1,"explain":{"A":"安全性指承载能力与稳定。","B":"适用性指变形与裂缝控制等使用要求。","C":"耐久性指在设计使用年限内正常工作。"},"id":"ejsw-01-005","options":["安全性","适用性","耐久性","经济性"],"source":"chapter","stem":"结构在正常使用条件下应满足的功能要求「三性」不包括?","subject":"专业工程管理与实务","type":"single"},{"analysis":"施工单位自检合格后报监理验收;**建设单位**组织设计、监理、施工等单位进行竣工验收,并按规定办理竣工验收备案(示例口径)。","answer":"B","chapter":"二建实务·案例套路","difficulty":2,"explain":{"A":"施工单位负责自检与提交验收申请。","C":"监理负责过程验收与质量把关,不组织竣工验收。","D":"设计单位参与验收但不组织。"},"id":"ejsw-04-005","options":["施工单位项目经理","建设单位","监理单位总监理工程师","设计单位"],"source":"chapter","stem":"单位工程完工后,竣工验收应由谁组织?","subject":"专业工程管理与实务","type":"single"},{"analysis":"组织措施涉及人员分工、工作流程与组织体系;技术措施对应施工技术与方案,经济措施对应资金与激励,管理措施对应合同、风险与信息。","answer":"B","chapter":"二建管理·成本与进度","difficulty":2,"explain":{"A":"属技术措施。","C":"属经济措施。","D":"属管理措施。"},"id":"ejgl-02-005","options":["采用先进的施工技术方案","明确进度控制人员的分工与工作流程","落实进度奖励资金","加强合同与风险管理"],"source":"chapter","stem":"下列措施中,属于进度控制「组织措施」的是?","subject":"建设工程施工管理","type":"single"},{"analysis":"发明专利权 20 年、实用新型 10 年、外观设计 15 年(均自申请日起);商标专用权 10 年可续展。","answer":"C","chapter":"二建法规·基本法律","difficulty":2,"explain":{"A":"10 年为实用新型专利期限。","B":"15 年为外观设计专利期限。","D":"50 年为著作权相关口径。"},"id":"ej-01-005","options":["10 年","15 年","20 年","50 年"],"source":"chapter","stem":"根据我国现行专利制度,发明专利权的保护期限是(自申请日起算,示例口径)?","subject":"建设工程法规及相关知识","type":"single"},{"analysis":"行为人无代理权但相对人有理由相信其有代理权时构成表见代理,代理行为有效,被代理人承担法律后果后可向行为人追偿。","answer":"C","chapter":"二建法规·基本法律","difficulty":2,"explain":{"A":"表见代理的代理行为有效,并非无效。","B":"效力待定适用于无权代理未经追认的情形。","D":"相对人善意时由被代理人承担后果。"},"id":"ejfg-01-005","options":["无效","效力待定,须被代理人追认","有效,构成表见代理","由相对人自行承担后果"],"source":"chapter","stem":"在代理关系中,行为人没有代理权而以被代理人名义订立合同,相对人有理由相信其有代理权的,该代理行为的效力是?","subject":"二级建造师","type":"single"},{"analysis":"向人民法院请求保护民事权利的普通诉讼时效期间为 3 年;最长权利保护期间为 20 年,自权利受到损害之日起计算。","answer":"C","chapter":"二建法规·基本法律","difficulty":2,"explain":{"A":"1 年已不再是普通诉讼时效(特殊情形除外)。","B":"2 年为原《民法通则》规定的普通时效。","D":"20 年为最长权利保护期间。"},"id":"ejfg-01-006","options":["1 年","2 年","3 年","20 年"],"source":"chapter","stem":"根据《民法典》相关规定,普通诉讼时效期间为?","subject":"二级建造师","type":"single"},{"analysis":"建设单位应自领取施工许可证之日起 3 个月内开工;不能按期开工的应申请延期,延期以两次为限、每次不超过 3 个月。","answer":"B","chapter":"二建法规·施工许可","difficulty":2,"explain":{"A":"1 个月不符合规定。","C":"6 个月为两次延期的最长累计时间。","D":"1 年为中止施工后恢复前需核验许可证的期限。"},"id":"ejfg-02-005","options":["1 个月","3 个月","6 个月","1 年"],"source":"chapter","stem":"建设单位应当自领取施工许可证之日起多长时间内开工?","subject":"二级建造师","type":"single"},{"analysis":"建筑工程中止施工的,应自中止之日起 1 个月内向发证机关报告;中止施工满 1 年的,恢复施工前应报发证机关核验施工许可证。","answer":"C","chapter":"二建法规·施工许可","difficulty":2,"explain":{"A":"3 个月与核验期限无关。","B":"6 个月不是法定核验时点。","D":"2 年超出法定要求。"},"id":"ejfg-02-006","options":["3 个月","6 个月","1 年","2 年"],"source":"chapter","stem":"建筑工程中止施工满多长时间,恢复施工前应当报发证机关核验施工许可证?","subject":"二级建造师","type":"single"},{"analysis":"违法分包情形包括:分包给不具备资质的单位、将主体结构施工分包、分包单位再分包、未经建设单位认可擅自分包;主体结构施工必须由总承包单位自行完成。","answer":"B","chapter":"二建法规·合同与安全","difficulty":2,"explain":{"A":"经认可且分包给有资质单位属合法分包。","C":"劳务作业分包给有资质企业属合法分包。","D":"合同约定的分包属合法分包。"},"id":"ejfg-03-005","options":["经建设单位认可将专业工程分包给有资质的单位","将主体结构施工分包给有相应资质的单位","总承包单位将劳务作业分包给有资质的劳务企业","合同约定范围内的专业工程分包"],"source":"chapter","stem":"下列情形中,属于违法分包的是?","subject":"二级建造师","type":"single"},{"analysis":"总承包单位对施工现场的安全生产负总责,并对分包工程的安全生产承担连带责任;分包单位应服从总承包单位的安全生产管理。","answer":"C","chapter":"二建法规·合同与安全","difficulty":2,"explain":{"A":"建设单位承担提供场地资料、不得压缩合理工期等责任。","B":"监理单位承担审查方案、巡视与隐患报告等责任。","D":"分包单位对不服从管理导致的事故承担主要责任。"},"id":"ejfg-03-006","options":["建设单位","监理单位","总承包单位","分包单位"],"source":"chapter","stem":"实行施工总承包的建设工程,施工现场的安全生产应由谁负总责?","subject":"二级建造师","type":"single"},{"analysis":"目标动态控制程序为:将目标分解 → 收集实际值 → 将实际值与计划值比较 → 发现偏差后采取纠偏措施,形成循环。","answer":"B","chapter":"二建管理·组织与控制","difficulty":2,"explain":{"A":"应先分解目标再收集实际值。","C":"比较前必须先有目标分解与实际值收集。","D":"顺序完全颠倒。"},"id":"ejgl-01-005","options":["收集实际值→分解目标→比较→纠偏","分解目标→收集实际值→比较→纠偏","比较→纠偏→分解目标→收集实际值","纠偏→比较→收集实际值→分解目标"],"source":"chapter","stem":"项目目标动态控制的工作程序中,正确的顺序是?","subject":"二级建造师","type":"single"},{"analysis":"职能组织结构中,各职能部门均可向下级下达指令,容易出现多头指挥、责任不清的问题。","answer":"B","chapter":"二建管理·组织与控制","difficulty":2,"explain":{"A":"线性组织结构命令统一、指令来源单一。","C":"矩阵结构存在纵横双重领导,但通常强调指令主次区分。","D":"事业部结构按产品或区域划分,与多头指挥的典型问题不同。"},"id":"ejgl-01-006","options":["线性组织结构","职能组织结构","矩阵组织结构","事业部结构"],"source":"chapter","stem":"在项目管理组织结构中,容易出现「多头指挥」问题的是?","subject":"二级建造师","type":"single"},{"analysis":"延误 5 天超过总时差 4 天,超出部分影响总工期,可索赔工期 = 5 − 4 = 1 天。","answer":"D","chapter":"二建管理·成本与进度","difficulty":2,"explain":{"A":"直接取延误天数未扣除总时差。","B":"3 天的算法缺少依据。","C":"2 天是自由时差,不是工期索赔的计算依据。"},"id":"ejgl-02-006","options":["5 天","3 天","2 天","1 天"],"source":"chapter","stem":"某工作总时差 4 天、自由时差 2 天,因非承包方原因延误 5 天,则承包人可索赔工期?","subject":"二级建造师","type":"single"},{"analysis":"施工现场临时用电应符合三级配电、两级保护以及一机一闸一漏一箱的要求,并采用 TN-S 接零保护系统。","answer":"B","chapter":"二建管理·质量安全环境","difficulty":2,"explain":{"A":"配电级数与保护级数均不符合要求。","C":"无四级配电三级保护的规定。","D":"仅设总配电箱不符合分级配电要求。"},"id":"ejgl-03-005","options":["两级配电一级保护","三级配电两级保护,一机一闸一漏一箱","四级配电三级保护","仅需设置总配电箱"],"source":"chapter","stem":"施工现场临时用电应实行的基本要求是?","subject":"二级建造师","type":"single"},{"analysis":"死亡 3~9 人为较大事故(一般事故为死亡 3 人以下);事故等级按死亡、重伤、直接经济损失三项中达到的最高档确定。","answer":"B","chapter":"二建管理·质量安全环境","difficulty":2,"explain":{"A":"一般事故的死亡人数为 3 人以下,本例已达到 3 人。","C":"重大事故死亡人数为 10~29 人。","D":"特别重大事故死亡人数为 30 人以上。"},"id":"ejgl-03-006","options":["一般事故","较大事故","重大事故","特别重大事故"],"source":"chapter","stem":"根据生产安全事故等级划分,造成 3 人死亡、直接经济损失 800 万元的事故属于?","subject":"二级建造师","type":"single"},{"analysis":"硅酸盐水泥初凝时间不得早于 45 分钟,终凝时间不得迟于 6.5 小时(普通硅酸盐水泥终凝不得迟于 10 小时);安定性不合格的水泥为废品,不得使用。","answer":"B","chapter":"二建实务·技术要求","difficulty":2,"explain":{"A":"30 分钟不符合规范要求。","C":"60 分钟不是规定的初凝下限。","D":"90 分钟超出规范限值。"},"id":"ejsw-01-006","options":["30 分钟","45 分钟","60 分钟","90 分钟"],"source":"chapter","stem":"硅酸盐水泥的初凝时间不得早于?","subject":"二级建造师","type":"single"},{"analysis":"跨度大于 2m 且不大于 8m 的梁、板、拱、壳,底模拆除时混凝土强度应达到设计强度标准值的 75%;跨度 ≤2m 为 50%,\u003e8m 及悬臂构件为 100%。","answer":"B","chapter":"二建实务·施工技术","difficulty":2,"explain":{"A":"50% 适用于跨度不大于 2m 的板。","C":"规范未设 90% 档。","D":"100% 适用于跨度大于 8m 的构件与悬臂构件。"},"id":"ejsw-02-005","options":["50%","75%","90%","100%"],"source":"chapter","stem":"现浇混凝土结构跨度 6m 的梁,其底模拆除时混凝土强度至少应达到设计强度标准值的?","subject":"二级建造师","type":"single"},{"analysis":"砖砌体水平灰缝的砂浆饱满度不得小于 80%;砌筑时砖应提前浇水湿润,砂浆应随拌随用并在规定时间内使用完毕。","answer":"C","chapter":"二建实务·施工技术","difficulty":2,"explain":{"A":"60% 低于规范要求。","B":"70% 低于规范要求。","D":"90% 严于规范最低要求,规范下限为 80%。"},"id":"ejsw-02-006","options":["60%","70%","80%","90%"],"source":"chapter","stem":"砖砌体水平灰缝的砂浆饱满度应不小于?","subject":"二级建造师","type":"single"},{"analysis":"检验批与分项工程由专业监理工程师组织验收;分部(子分部)工程由总监理工程师组织;单位(子单位)工程由建设单位项目负责人组织。","answer":"A","chapter":"二建实务·施工管理","difficulty":2,"explain":{"B":"分部工程由总监理工程师组织。","C":"单位工程验收由建设单位项目负责人组织。","D":"工程项目竣工验收属建设单位组织的正式验收。"},"id":"ejsw-03-005","options":["检验批与分项工程","分部工程","单位工程","工程项目竣工验收"],"source":"chapter","stem":"某分项工程验收时,专业监理工程师应组织验收的是?","subject":"二级建造师","type":"single"},{"analysis":"基坑必须坚持先撑后挖:支撑未形成或未达设计强度即下挖,会使围护结构悬臂受力增大、变形急剧增加,可能引发围护结构失稳、周边管线与建筑受损。","answer":"B","chapter":"二建实务·施工管理","difficulty":2,"explain":{"A":"降水效果与支撑安装顺序无直接因果。","C":"土方外运效率与支撑体系无直接关系。","D":"验槽在开挖至基底后进行,与支撑安装顺序无直接因果。"},"id":"ejsw-03-006","options":["基坑降水效果变差","围护结构变形过大甚至失稳破坏","土方外运效率降低","验槽工作无法开展"],"source":"chapter","stem":"基坑开挖时,支撑体系未形成即继续下挖,最可能导致?","subject":"二级建造师","type":"single"},{"analysis":"不可抗力造成的工程本身损害、运至施工现场的材料和待安装设备的损害由发包人承担;承包人的施工机械设备损坏、人员伤亡由承包人承担;工期相应顺延。","answer":"C","chapter":"二建实务·案例套路","difficulty":2,"explain":{"A":"承包人施工机械设备损坏由承包人承担。","B":"承包人人员伤亡由其自行承担。","D":"承包人自身停工损失一般由其承担。"},"id":"ejsw-04-006","options":["承包人施工机械设备的损坏","承包人人员伤亡","工程本身的损害及运至施工现场用于施工的材料和待安装设备的损害","承包人因停工造成的窝工损失"],"source":"chapter","stem":"不可抗力发生后,下列损失应由发包人承担的是?","subject":"二级建造师","type":"single"},{"analysis":"抗震结构用钢筋的强屈比不应小于 1.25,屈标比(屈服强度实测值与标准值之比)不应大于 1.30,最大力总延伸率不应小于 9%。","answer":"A","chapter":"二建实务·技术要求","difficulty":2,"explain":{"B":"强屈比是「不小于」要求,不是「不大于」。","C":"1.30 是屈标比的上限值。","D":"1.30 的上限适用于屈标比,不适用于强屈比。"},"id":"ejsw-01-007","options":["不应小于 1.25","不应大于 1.25","不应小于 1.30","不应大于 1.30"],"source":"chapter","stem":"用于抗震设防结构的钢筋,其强屈比(实测抗拉强度与实测屈服强度之比)应满足的要求是?","subject":"二级建造师","type":"single"},{"analysis":"关键工作停工 5 天且责任在发包人,工期索赔 5 天成立;同时可索赔窝工人工费、机械停置费等实际损失,并可主张相应管理费与利润。","answer":"B","chapter":"二建实务·案例套路","difficulty":2,"explain":{"A":"只索赔工期会遗漏可主张的费用索赔。","C":"关键工作停工直接影响总工期,工期索赔成立。","D":"责任在发包人,工期与费用索赔均可成立。"},"id":"ejsw-04-007","options":["仅工期 5 天","工期 5 天,并可就停工损失索赔费用及相应管理费、利润","仅费用,不可索赔工期","工期与费用均不可索赔"],"source":"chapter","stem":"某工程因发包人原因导致某关键工作停工 5 天,承包人可索赔的内容是?","subject":"二级建造师","type":"single"}],"cert":"erjian","chapters":[{"name":"二建实务·技术要求","title":"第 1 章 · 建筑工程技术要求","url":"/erjian/books/shijian-jianzhu/ejsw-01-jishu-yaoqiu/"},{"name":"二建法规·基本法律","title":"第 1 章 · 建设工程基本法律知识","url":"/erjian/books/fagui/ej-01-jiben/"},{"name":"二建管理·组织与控制","title":"第 1 章 · 施工管理组织与目标动态控制","url":"/erjian/books/guanli/ejgl-01-zuzhi/"},{"name":"二建实务·施工技术","title":"第 2 章 · 建筑工程施工技术","url":"/erjian/books/shijian-jianzhu/ejsw-02-shigong-jishu/"},{"name":"二建管理·成本与进度","title":"第 2 章 · 施工成本与进度管理","url":"/erjian/books/guanli/ejgl-02-chengben-jindu/"},{"name":"二建法规·施工许可","title":"第 2 章 · 施工许可与发承包","url":"/erjian/books/fagui/ej-02-xukefa/"},{"name":"二建法规·合同与安全","title":"第 3 章 · 合同、劳动与安全生产","url":"/erjian/books/fagui/ej-03-hetong-anquan/"},{"name":"二建实务·施工管理","title":"第 3 章 · 施工管理实务(建筑专业落地)","url":"/erjian/books/shijian-jianzhu/ejsw-03-shigong-guanli/"},{"name":"二建管理·质量安全环境","title":"第 3 章 · 质量、安全与环境管理","url":"/erjian/books/guanli/ejgl-03-zhiliang-anquan/"},{"name":"二建实务·案例套路","title":"第 4 章 · 法规标准应用与案例分析套路","url":"/erjian/books/shijian-jianzhu/ejsw-04-anli-taolu/"}],"practiceUrl":"/erjian/practice/"}