🎯题库练习

{"bank":[{"analysis":"工程监理是监理单位受**建设单位委托**，依据法律法规、技术标准、设计文件与合同，对施工质量、进度、投资实施控制，对安全生产管理进行监督，并协调相关方关系。","answer":"B","chapter":"监理·制度与法规","difficulty":2,"explain":{"A":"行政监督由政府质量安全监督机构实施，监理是社会化的受托监督管理。","C":"监理与施工单位是监理与被监理关系，不是上下级。","D":"监理与施工单位之间没有直接合同关系，监理的委托方是建设单位。"},"id":"jl-01-001","options":["监理单位代表政府部门实施行政监督","监理单位受建设单位委托，对施工质量、进度、投资进行控制并对安全生产管理进行监督","监理单位是施工单位的上级管理机构","监理单位与施工单位之间是合同关系"],"source":"chapter","stem":"关于建设工程监理的定位，下列说法正确的是？","subject":"建设工程监理基本理论和相关法规","type":"single"},{"analysis":"依据《建设工程质量管理条例》，监理单位**不得将不合格的建设工程、建筑材料、构配件和设备按照合格签认**；应拒绝签认、要求退场或整改，并报告建设单位。","answer":"B","chapter":"监理·制度与法规","difficulty":2,"explain":{"A":"按合格签认属于法律明确禁止的行为，监理将承担相应责任。","C":"监理无行政处罚权，不能没收材料。","D":"罚款属行政处罚，监理无权实施。"},"id":"jl-01-002","options":["按合格签认以不影响工期","拒绝签认，要求施工单位退场处理，并报告建设单位","自行没收该批材料","直接对施工单位处以罚款"],"source":"chapter","stem":"监理工程师发现施工单位将不合格的建筑材料按照合格材料使用，监理单位的正确做法是？","subject":"建设工程监理基本理论和相关法规","type":"single"},{"analysis":"监理规划由**总监理工程师主持编制**（监理单位技术负责人审批后报建设单位）；监理实施细则由**专业监理工程师编制**，由**总监理工程师审批**。细则应依据已批准的规划编制。","answer":"B","chapter":"监理·组织与规划","difficulty":2,"explain":{"A":"编制主体颠倒：规划是总监主持编制。","C":"监理实施细则由总监理工程师审批，不需建设单位审批。","D":"监理文件无需政府主管部门审批。"},"id":"jl-02-001","options":["监理规划由专业监理工程师编制、总监理工程师审批","监理规划由总监理工程师主持编制，监理实施细则由专业监理工程师编制、总监理工程师审批","监理实施细则由建设单位审批","两者均需报政府主管部门审批"],"source":"chapter","stem":"关于监理规划与监理实施细则的编制与审批，正确的是？","subject":"建设工程监理基本理论和相关法规","type":"single"},{"analysis":"签发**工程暂停令、复工令**以及**签署工程款支付证书**、主持编制监理规划、调解合同争议与处理索赔等属总监理工程师的关键职责，总监代表不得代为行使。","answer":"B","chapter":"监理·组织与规划","difficulty":2,"explain":{"A":"组织巡视属日常监理工作，可在授权范围内进行。","C":"参加工地例会属日常工作。","D":"审核监理日志属日常管理工作。"},"id":"jl-02-002","options":["组织现场巡视检查","签发工程暂停令与复工令","参加工地例会","审核监理日志"],"source":"chapter","stem":"下列职责中，总监理工程师代表不得代为行使的是？","subject":"建设工程监理基本理论和相关法规","type":"single"},{"analysis":"安全监理的法定四步链为：审查方案与措施 → 发现隐患要求整改 → **情况严重的要求暂停施工并及时报告建设单位** → 施工单位拒不整改或不停止施工的，**及时向有关主管部门报告**。","answer":"B","chapter":"监理·工作内容与方法","difficulty":2,"explain":{"A":"吊销资质属行政处罚，且应先履行暂停施工与报告程序。","C":"顺序错误：严重隐患应先要求暂停施工并同步报告建设单位。","D":"监理不直接组织施工，也不能代替施工单位消除隐患。"},"id":"jl-03-001","options":["直接向主管部门报告并要求吊销施工资质","要求施工单位暂停施工，并及时报告建设单位；施工单位拒不执行的，再向有关主管部门报告","先报告建设单位，等待建设单位决定后再要求整改","自行组织人员消除隐患后继续施工"],"source":"chapter","stem":"监理工程师发现施工现场存在严重安全事故隐患，施工单位的正确处置流程中，监理应当？","subject":"建设工程监理基本理论和相关法规","type":"single"},{"analysis":"**单位工程竣工验收由建设单位组织**，监理单位参加并签署意见；监理单位组织的是**竣工预验收**，并编写工程质量评估报告。","answer":"B","chapter":"监理·工作内容与方法","difficulty":2,"explain":{"A":"总监理工程师组织的是竣工预验收，不是竣工验收。","C":"施工单位负责提交竣工资料与竣工报告，并参加验收。","D":"政府质量监督机构实施的是行政监督（监督验收程序与实体质量）。"},"id":"jl-03-002","options":["由总监理工程师组织","由建设单位组织，监理单位参加","由施工单位组织","由政府质量监督机构组织"],"source":"chapter","stem":"关于单位工程竣工验收的组织者，下列说法正确的是？","subject":"建设工程监理基本理论和相关法规","type":"single"},{"analysis":"该工作拖延 6 天超过总时差 4 天，超出部分影响总工期，可索赔工期 = **6 − 4 = 2 天**；监理审核后应提出意见报建设单位批准。","answer":"B","chapter":"监理·合同与风险","difficulty":2,"explain":{"A":"直接取拖延天数未扣除总时差。","C":"总时差是判断依据，不是索赔天数。","D":"拖延已超过总时差，工期索赔成立。"},"id":"jl-04-001","options":["6 天","2 天","4 天","0 天"],"source":"chapter","stem":"施工单位就某非关键工作提出工期索赔，该工作总时差为 4 天，因建设单位原因实际拖延 6 天。监理审核后可索赔工期为？","subject":"建设工程监理基本理论和相关法规","type":"single"},{"analysis":"监理在投资与索赔事项上行使的是**审核与建议权**：应审查时限、责任、证据、工期与费用并形成审核意见，报**建设单位**批准（按合同约定）。","answer":"B","chapter":"监理·合同与风险","difficulty":2,"explain":{"A":"监理无最终批准权，不得自行批准索赔。","C":"是否提交仲裁取决于合同争议解决条款与双方意愿。","D":"审查索赔是监理的合同职责之一。"},"id":"jl-04-002","options":["监理可自行批准索赔金额与工期顺延","监理应审核索赔并提出意见，报建设单位批准（按合同约定）","监理应将索赔直接提交仲裁机构","监理无权审查索赔，由施工单位与建设单位直接协商"],"source":"chapter","stem":"关于监理对施工单位索赔的处理权限，说法正确的是？","subject":"建设工程监理基本理论和相关法规","type":"single"},{"analysis":"涉及结构安全的试块、试件及材料应实行**见证取样**：由监理人员在取样现场见证、样品标识封样后送有资质检测机构；复试合格后方可签认使用，监理应做好见证记录。","answer":"B","chapter":"监理·质量控制","difficulty":2,"explain":{"A":"未经监理见证的取样结果缺乏代表性，属监理履职不到位。","C":"见证取样由施工单位取样、监理见证，不是建设单位送检。","D":"仅凭合格证不能替代复试。"},"id":"mk-01-001","options":["由施工单位自行取样并送检，监理查看报告","由监理人员现场见证取样并送检，复试合格后方可签认使用","由建设单位直接送检","只要施工单位提供合格证即可使用"],"source":"chapter","stem":"涉及结构安全的混凝土试块与钢筋材料，监理在质量控制中必须执行的是？","subject":"建设工程目标控制","type":"single"},{"analysis":"分部（子分部）工程由**总监理工程师**组织施工项目负责人、项目技术负责人等验收；**地基基础与主体结构分部**还应有勘察、设计单位项目负责人参加。","answer":"B","chapter":"监理·质量控制","difficulty":2,"explain":{"A":"专业监理工程师组织的是检验批与分项工程验收。","C":"建设单位项目负责人组织的是单位（子单位）工程竣工验收。","D":"施工单位是被验收方与参加方，不是组织者。"},"id":"mk-01-002","options":["由专业监理工程师组织验收","由总监理工程师组织验收，地基基础与主体结构分部还应有勘察、设计单位项目负责人参加","由建设单位组织验收","由施工单位项目负责人组织验收"],"source":"chapter","stem":"关于分部（子分部）工程验收，说法正确的是？","subject":"建设工程目标控制","type":"single"},{"analysis":"CV = EV − AC = 180 − 210 = **−30 万元**（费用超支）；SV = EV − PV = 180 − 200 = **−20 万元**（进度滞后）。","answer":"A","chapter":"监理·投资控制","difficulty":2,"explain":{"B":"符号错误：两项均为负值，表示超支与滞后。","C":"混淆了 CV 与 SV 的公式。","D":"CV 为负而非正。"},"id":"mk-02-001","options":["CV = −30 万元、SV = −20 万元","CV = 30 万元、SV = 20 万元","CV = −20 万元、SV = −30 万元","CV = 30 万元、SV = −20 万元"],"source":"chapter","stem":"某工程已完工程预算费用 EV = 180 万元，已完工程实际费用 AC = 210 万元，拟完工程预算费用 PV = 200 万元。则费用偏差 CV 与进度偏差 SV 分别是？","subject":"建设工程目标控制","type":"single"},{"analysis":"工程计量应按合同约定的方法、对**验收合格**的工程量进行；**不合格工程不予计量**。程序为：施工单位提交工程量报告 → **专业监理工程师复核** → **总监理工程师签署支付证书** → 报建设单位支付。","answer":"A","chapter":"监理·投资控制","difficulty":2,"explain":{"B":"自报工程量须经监理复核，不能直接作为支付依据。","C":"监理签署支付证书，最终支付由建设单位执行。","D":"监理复核是法定程序环节。"},"id":"mk-02-002","options":["未经质量验收合格的工程不予计量与支付","施工单位自报的工程量可直接作为支付依据","监理可自行决定支付金额并直接付款","已完工程量不需要监理复核"],"source":"chapter","stem":"关于工程计量与支付，下列说法正确的是？","subject":"建设工程目标控制","type":"single"},{"analysis":"时标网络图中，**波形线表示自由时差**；从起点节点到终点节点**没有波形线**的通路即为关键线路，其工作总时差为 0（计划工期等于计算工期时）。","answer":"B","chapter":"监理·进度控制","difficulty":2,"explain":{"A":"总时差需要在网络计划时间参数计算中分析，不直接由波形线表示。","C":"关键线路是无波形线的通路，不是波形线本身。","D":"流水步距属流水施工参数，与时标网络图无关。"},"id":"mk-03-001","options":["总时差","自由时差","关键线路","流水步距"],"source":"chapter","stem":"在时标网络图上用波形线表示的是？","subject":"建设工程目标控制","type":"single"},{"analysis":"进度偏差处理应按「**检查—对比—分析—纠偏—报告**」闭环：先判断是否在关键线路上、是否超过总时差，确定对总工期的影响，再要求施工单位提交并实施纠偏措施计划。","answer":"B","chapter":"监理·进度控制","difficulty":2,"explain":{"A":"未分析偏差影响即要求增投资源，可能造成成本浪费且未必有效。","C":"违约责任需依合同约定并区分原因（非承包方原因不予顺延，承包方原因按约定处理）。","D":"不处理属监理履职不到位。"},"id":"mk-03-002","options":["立即要求施工单位增加人员机械","分析该工作是否在关键线路上、滞后是否超过总时差，再确定对总工期的影响并采取措施","直接要求施工单位承担违约责任","不予处理，等待施工单位自行调整"],"source":"chapter","stem":"某工程检查发现某工作进度滞后，监理首先应当做的是？","subject":"建设工程目标控制","type":"single"},{"analysis":"案例题按点给分，应逐条编号、判断明确，写出依据（法规/规范/合同）与监理的正确做法，并补充记录、报告建设单位、复查闭环、检测鉴定等措施。","answer":"B","chapter":"监理·案例套路","difficulty":2,"explain":{"A":"缺少依据与正确做法，得分很低。","C":"复述事实没有得分点。","D":"缺少明确判断，不符合设问要求。"},"id":"mk-04-001","options":["只写「不妥」并简要说明原因","逐条编号写「判断 + 依据 + 监理的正确做法 + 补充措施」","只复述题干事实","只写正确做法，不作判断"],"source":"chapter","stem":"案例分析题中要求「指出不妥之处并说明正确做法」，得分最高的作答结构是？","subject":"建设工程目标控制","type":"single"},{"analysis":"监理的措辞应体现其法定权限：可**签发工程暂停令与复工令**（总监）、要求整改、**报告建设单位**、必要时报告主管部门；监理**无行政处罚权**，也**无索赔批准权**。","answer":"B","chapter":"监理·案例套路","difficulty":2,"explain":{"A":"罚款属行政处罚，监理无权实施；「责令」属行政用语。","C":"索赔应审核后报建设单位批准，监理不得自行批准。","D":"监理不直接组织施工整改。"},"id":"mk-04-002","options":["责令施工单位停工并处罚款","签发工程暂停令并报告建设单位，要求施工单位整改后提交复工申请","批准施工单位的索赔 50 万元","自行组织人员完成整改后继续施工"],"source":"chapter","stem":"在监理案例题作答中，下列措辞最恰当的是？","subject":"建设工程目标控制","type":"single"}],"cert":"jianli","chapters":[{"name":"监理·制度与法规","title":"第 1 章 · 监理制度与法律法规体系","url":"/jianli/books/fagui/jl-01-zhidu-fagui/"},{"name":"监理·质量控制","title":"第 1 章 · 质量控制","url":"/jianli/books/mubiao/mk-01-zhiliang/"},{"name":"监理·投资控制","title":"第 2 章 · 投资控制","url":"/jianli/books/mubiao/mk-02-touzi/"},{"name":"监理·组织与规划","title":"第 2 章 · 监理组织与监理规划","url":"/jianli/books/fagui/jl-02-zuzhi-guihua/"},{"name":"监理·工作内容与方法","title":"第 3 章 · 监理工作内容与方法","url":"/jianli/books/fagui/jl-03-gongzuo-neirong/"},{"name":"监理·进度控制","title":"第 3 章 · 进度控制","url":"/jianli/books/mubiao/mk-03-jindu/"},{"name":"监理·合同与风险","title":"第 4 章 · 合同管理与风险管理","url":"/jianli/books/fagui/jl-04-hetong-fengxian/"},{"name":"监理·案例套路","title":"第 4 章 · 监理案例分析与答题套路","url":"/jianli/books/mubiao/mk-04-anli-taolu/"}],"practiceUrl":"/jianli/practice/"}